Articles

Procedural sedation and anesthesia (PSA) is defined as the process of depressing a patient’s consciousness to perform minimally invasive or unpleasant procedures. This term is original from human medicine but can also be applied to veterinary sciences. This clinical review focuses on cats, where PSA may be required for various procedures and the elected protocol […]

Mammary gland tumors in dogs are dependent on estrogen and progesterone, being most frequently seen in female dogs. They are composed of proliferative luminal epithelial cells, myoepithelial cells and mesenchymal cells with cartilage and osseous tissues in a solitary mass. Although stilling an incognita, it seems that cancer stem cells (CSCs) play an important role […]

Chagas disease is a well-documented cause of infectious myocarditis in humans and can also affect dogs and other mammals. Its etiological agent is Trypanosoma cruzi, a protozoan parasite. In contrast to human medicine, gastrointestinal infection has never been described in dogs. However, like humans, infected dogs may be asymptomatic or develop cardiac problems. Thus, echocardiography […]

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an increasing concern which threatens to undo decades of medical progress. Resistant organisms are associated to more severe diseases which require longer hospitalization periods and increased healthcare costs. Animal health care assumes a central role in this issue. In fact, animals can potentially act as reservoirs for resistant organisms and the […]

Influenza viruses are known to have a huge negative impact both in human and animal health as well as global economics. Pigs are commonly associated to these viruses as they are seen as a vehicle to the appearance of new subtypes, due to the possibility of being infected by swine, avian and human influenza viruses. […]

Tularemia is a bacterial zoonosis which has been increasingly reported in humans, in Europe. There are four subspecies of Francisella tularensis (its etiological agent) and their isolates generally come from humans, lagomorphs, or rodents. However, there are a few cases including wild carnivore mammals. In March 2019, the first isolate of Francisella tularensis from a […]

My name is Jan H. Greaker and I’m a Norwegian veterinarian with 14 years’ experience in small animal medicine. I graduated from Szent Istvan University in Budapest, Hungary, in 2006. Following graduation, I was lucky enough to enroll for a one-year internship at Croft Veterinary Surgeons in Newcastle upon Tyne, UK, under the guidance of […]

Conflict is an unavoidable element of work environments and is quite common among healthcare professionals. The early signs can be subtle and knowing how to minimize and resolve it is essential to avoid damage to teams. Conflict is caused by incompatibility, disagreement or dissonance emerging from issues such as mismatched role expectations, interdepartmental competition, personality […]

To understand the impact of COVID-19 on the veterinary sector and how it can best adapt to the new challenges it faces, an online study was conducted from mid-March to the end of April 2020. Participants included practice owners and partners from both large and small animal practices in eight countries: the UK, France, Germany, […]

The pandemic has required new social distancing protocols that limit the number of people in work places, such as veterinary practices and hospitals. Some practices have also had to make redundancies or have experienced colleagues becoming infected with COVID-19, further reducing the size of their teams. At the same time, the workload in many clinics […]

While there have been advances in understanding Cat Scratch Disease (CSD), relatively little is still known about how medical doctors diagnose, treat and prevent it. The main etiological agent of this bacterial infection is Bartonella henselae but other species of the same gender have been also recognized. They are transmitted by fleas to cats, which […]

COVID-19 is caused by a novel coronavirus called SARS-CoV-2 and it has affected all of our lives this year. Italy was one of the European countries worst affected. In addition to having to deal with overcrowded hospitals, building the capacity to perform thousands of tests daily was another huge challenge. To address this, the Italian […]

Rabies is linked to more than 55,000 human deaths every year. Human transmission vectors vary around the world with low- and middle-income countries most severely affected. This review focuses on the situation in Nepal and highlights the importance of a One Health approach to effectively control this lethal disease worldwide. In Nepal, rabies is endemic […]

In the same way that laughter in primates (including humans) and rodents is spread from one individual to another, play vocalizations may also act as positive emotional contagions. Kea parrots (Nestor notabilis), for instance, are known to exhibit complex play behavior and emit peculiar play vocalizations – so-called warble calls. To investigate whether these sounds […]

Ocular diseases in domestic ferrets are rarely reported. This article focused on the most frequent diseases of their cornea and conjunctiva and on practical techniques for accessing the eyes of Mustela putorius furo. In most cases, physically controlling the ferret is enough to examine the eye. Chemical restraint, generally using midazolam or butorphanol, may be […]

Most spontaneous mammary gland tumors in domestic rats are fibroadenomas. The treatment of choice is surgical removal but the appearance of subsequent masses is common due to the presence of persistent hormonal-promoting factors and the difficulty of performing complete excision. Some studies in laboratory environments have shown that surgical spaying decreases the prevalence of spontaneous […]