Small Animal Surgery

Key Learning Objectives:

• Revise asepsis, sterilisation and appropriate antibiosis for surgical cases
• Expand your knowledge of instrumentation and instrument handling
• Become more familiar with the uses of suture, needles, staples and clips
• Understand the principles of wound healing  and how this applies to your clinical cases
• Re-visit the principles of wound management and get up-to-date with what is available now

Key Learning Objectives:

• Develop your skills in managing renal surgery
• Extend your knowledge of obstructive diseases of the urinary tract from ureters to urethra to enhance your day-to-day management of urolithiasis
• Improve your awareness of the myriad of surgical options for urinary incontinence that are available now including colposuspension, TVT and urethral occluders
• Advance your familiarity of surgery of the male reproductive system – from prostatic omentalisation to penile and preputial procedures
• Extend the range of procedures you can offer for the female reproductive system beyond ovariectomy and ovariohysterectomy

Key Learning Objectives:

• Salivary gland diseases - mucocoeles, trauma, hypersialism, neoplasia
• Oesophageal disorders and the limitations of oesophageal surgery
• Gastrotomy and gastrectomy: there is more to surgery of the stomach than just GDV
• Small intestinal disease and how your decision-making can reduce complications - serosal and omental patching, obstructions and foreign bodies, neoplasia
• Review and revise ruptures and hernias

Key Learning Objectives:

• Large intestinal surgery and the differences between cats and dogs - Megacolon, rectal prolapse and stricture
• Surgical approaches to the rectum and anus - atresia ani, anal sac disease, anal furunculosis
• Liver surgery – suture, staples or electrosurgery
• Biliary tract surgery – anatomy and surgical options
• Pancreatic surgery
• Splenectomy – does it need removing and if so, which technique and what are the alternatives to removal?

Key Learning Objectives:

• Wound closure - Tension relieving techniques, management of ‘dog ears’
• Pedicle Flaps - advancement, rotational and transposition to help close the larger or trickier defects
• Muscle and omental flaps - using muscle in defects by practising the external abdominal oblique muscle flap
• Skin grafts - full thickness and stamp and how to maximise their chances of success

Key Learning Objectives:

• Oesophageal foreign bodies - Pre-op management, anaesthesia, surgical anatomy, surgical technique, post-op care and assessment 
• Gastric dilatation volvulus - Temporary and permanent gastropexy

Key Learning Objectives:

• Nephrectomy and nephrotomy - Partial nephrectomy, ureteronephrectomy, indications for nephrotomy 
• Urethrostomy - Prescrotal, scrotal, perineal, prepubic

Key learning objectives:

• Surgery of the lips and cheeks, tongue and hard palate 
• Maxilla/mandible – maxillectomy and mandibulectomy 
• Pharyngeal surgery 
• Tonsillar surgery 
• The ear–lateral wall resection, vertical canal ablation, total canal ablation/lateral bulla osteotomy, ventral bulla osteotomy, haematomas

Key learning objectives:

• The nose – neoplasia, autoimmune disease 
• The nasal sinuses 
• Brachycephalic airway disease 
• Laryngeal diseases – paralysis, collapse, trauma, stenosis, neoplasia 
• Tracheal surgery – tracheotomy, tracheostomy, collapse, resection/anastomosis, trauma, foreign bodies, neoplasia

Key learning objectives:

• Hernias – hiatal, perineal, inguinal, umbilical, diaphragmatic, prepubic 
• Peritonitis - going into the detail of the pathophysiology, clinical signs, diagnosis and treatment options
• Thoracic surgery:
  • Big dog / little dog: who wins?
  • Thoracostomy for pneumothorax, pyothorax and chylothorax – which tube?
  • Thoracotomy – which side and which rib space?
  • Lung Lobectomy – how many lobes can you take?
  • PDA – is this still a surgical condition?
  • Pericardectomy – how much should you take?
  • PRAA – why does a regurgitating patient need a thoracotomy?
  • Chylothorax – can you find the thoracic duct?
  • Chest wall diseases – how far can you advance the diaphragm?

Key learning objectives:

• Principles of oncology
• Principles of oncologic surgery
• Surgery for skin tumours, mast cell tumours, oral tumours - maxillectomy and mandibulectomy and gastrointestinal tumours
• Feline-specific tumours (+/- injection site sarcoma)
• Principles of reconstructive surgery - skin flaps and grafts
• Principles and uses of surgical drains

Key learning objectives:

•  Total ear canal ablation and lateral bulla osteotomy 
  • Explore the anatomy of the external ear canal 
  • Choose and practise how to use your instruments 
  • Identify top tips to avoid complications intraoperatively and post-operatively
• Ventral bulla osteotomy
  • Suture materials and special instruments, post-op care and assessment, complications
• Thyroid surgery 
  • Thyroidectomy in the dog demonstration 
  • Thyroidectomy in the cat demonstration
• Unilateral arytenoid lateralisation

Key learning objectives:

• Thoracotomy - A successful thoracotomy is all in the planning: Pre-operative assessment and preparation, intra-operative anatomy and surgical technique and post-operative care all work together to optimise outcomes
• Lung lobectomy – Partial and complete lobectomy: choosing which technique to perform and reducing the risk of air leakage post-operatively
• Pericardectomy – Understand the pros and cons of subtotal pericardectomy
• Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) – These young patients require careful pre-operative management, controlled anaesthesia, precise surgical anatomical knowledge and technique, as well as appropriate post-operative care

Key learning objectives:

• The initial assessment of the fracture patient
• Descriptions and applications of fracture classification
• Principles and decision making in fracture repair
• Methods of fracture fixation and implants, including plating and external fixation devices

Key learning objectives:

• The principles of fracture reduction, including both closed and open techniques
• Options for bone grafting including both cancellous and cortical grafts
• Approaches to the following complications: delayed union, non-union, mal-union and osteomyelitis

Key learning objectives:

• Application of cerclages and tension band fixations
• Application of positional and lag screws
• Tibial fractures
• Medial approach to the tibia
• Application of a bone plate
• Radial fractures
• Cranio-medial / lateral approach to the radius
• Application of a bone plate
• Femoral fractures
• Lateral approach to the femur
• Application of a bone plate and an intramedullary pin (plate and rod)

Key learning objectives:

• Recognize the most important features to correctly approach humeral fractures
• Approach the humeral shaft laterally
• Apply a bone plate and an intramedullary pin (plate and rod)
• Perform a dorsal approach to the carpal joint
• Perform a carpal arthrodesis
• Perform a medial and lateral approach to the tarsal joint
• Perform a tarsal arthrodesis

Key learning objectives:

• Review external fixation equipment
• Pins, bars and clamps
• Tibial Fracture
• Surgical repair with a type II linear frame
• Comminuted Radial Fracture
• Surgical repair with a type Ib linear frame

Key learning objectives:

• Luxation, osteochondrosis, dysplasia, excision arthroplasty and fractures of the shoulder
• Luxations, developmental disease, un-united anconeal process and fractures of the elbow
• Developmental carpal disease, carpal hyperextension and arthrodesis, luxations and fractures of the carpus and foot Growth plate disorders

Key learning objectives:

• Perform a caudolateral and craniomedial approach to the shoulder joint
• Perform a biceps tenotomy
• Revise various elbow joint procedures
• Perform a medial and lateral approach to the elbow joint
• Perform a subtotal coronoidectomy
• Apply a lag screw fixation to fix the Ununited Anconeal Process (UAP)
• Execute a proximal/distal ulna osteotomy

Key learning objectives:

• Conditions of the hip, including dysplasia, luxations, arthroplasty and total hip replacement
• Pelvic fractures
• Femoral fractures
• Conditions of the stifle, including patellar luxation, osteochondrosis, fractures and cruciate rupture
• Conditions of the hock, including osteochondrosis, luxation and fractures

Key learning objectives:

• Perform a craniodorsal approach to the hip
• Identify all the steps to correctly perform a femoral head ostectomy (FHNO)
• Approach to the stifle joint laterally
• Execute lateral fabello-tibial sutures
• Perform recession trochleoplasties
• Describe the key stages involved in a tibial tuberosity transposition procedure  

Key learning objectives:

• Neuroanatomical localization: neurological examination and interpretation.
• Imaging techniques of spinal columns
• Atlantoaxial instability
• Cervical spondylomyelopathy (csm) - wobbler syndrome
• Neurological emergencie

Key learning objectives:

• Cervical intervertebral disc surgery
• Thoracolumbar intervertebral disc surgery 
• Lumbosacral Stenosis
• Spinal Trauma