Rigid Endoscopy I

• Describe and identify endoscopic instrumentation including rigid and flexible endoscopes, and compare the advantages and disadvantages of each
• Explain how electrosurgery is used in minimally invasive surgery and how this differs from open surgical techniques
• Explain how to clean and care for endoscopic equipment
• Select instruments that are best suited to their individual practice and patients for a variety of endoscopic techniques including bronchoscopy, rhinoscopy, urethrocystoscopy, video-otoscopy, arthroscopy, thoracoscopy and laparoscopy
• Discuss the incorporation of endoscopy and minimally invasive surgery into a veterinary practice

• Identify the anatomy of the nasal meati and describe how to explore them endoscopically
• List the range of rigid endoscopic equipment available for examination of the upper respiratory tract and choose which is best suited to your patient
• List the indications for rigid rhinoscopy and any additional imaging techniques required.
• Demonstrate general endoscopic techniques for examination of the upper respiratory tract using a rigid endoscope.
• Describe the advantages and disadvantages of rigid vs flexible endoscopy in different areas of the upper respiratory tract.
• Outline the importance of correct biopsy technique to get diagnostic samples
• Demonstrate how to examine the frontal sinuses
• Compare normal nasal appearance and common nasal pathology
• Describe how to recognise, diagnose and treat nasal aspergillosis, nasopharyngeal stenosis and nasal tumours including laser ablation for palliation.
• Discuss other ‘oscopies’ including exotics, tracheoscopy, exploration of pharyngeal stick injuries, fistulae and bite wounds.
• Demonstrate general endoscopic techniques for examination of the upper respiratory tract using a rigid endoscope, including biopsies, effectively in a wet-lab environment

Otoendoscopy

• Identify the anatomy of the ear and in particular the sensitive structures of the middle ear
• Demonstrate proficiency at deep ear cleaning using video-otoscopy.
• List the indications for otoendoscopy, and the advantages over traditional otoscopy
• Demonstrate proficiency at myringotomy and examination of the middle ear
• Describe possible complications of otoendoscopy and outline post-operative treatment

Urethrocystoscopy

• Demonstrate proficiency in general endoscopic techniques for urogenital tract examination in the dog and cat
• Compare the appearance of the urogenital tract in health and disease
• Describe options for minimally invasive treatment of conditions such as ectopic ureters, paramesonephric remnants, urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence, strictures and transitional cell carcinoma.
• Explain when to use the laparoscopic cystoscopy approach where transurethral access is not possible or adequate (i.e. for large stones, or in the dog or tom cat)

Vaginoscopy

• Describe patient preparation for urethrocystoscopy
• Describe the normal endoscopic appearance of the vestibule, vagina, urethra and bladder

Describe biopsy and sampling techniques and demonstrate these effectively in a wet lab environment